While the significance of Beowulf to LOTR's Middle earth is beyond doubt, middle earth is a concept that predates Beowulf. So where does the idea of middle earth come from?
Middle earth in every language*
1. Middel garde
2. Toka e mesme
3. Mekakelenyawi midiri
4. Alard alwustaa
5. Mijin yerkir
6. Orta yer
7. Madhya prthhibi
8. Erdiko lurra
9. Siaredniaja ziamlia
10. Srednja zemlja
11. Sredya zemya
12. Kambharmyay aalaal
13. Terra mitjana
14. Tunga nga yuta
15. zhong tu
16. Terra media
17. Meduzemlje
18. Stredozem
19. Midgard
20. Midden aarde
21. Middle earth
22. Meza tero (esperanto)
23. Keskmaa
24. Gitnang lupa
25. Keskimaa
26. Terre du milieu
27. Shua dedamitsa
28. Mittelerde
29. Mesaia gi
30. Madhyama prthvi
31. Temwayen
32. Tsakiyarduniya
33. Honua waena
34. *R*R*V*
35. Madhy prthvee
36. Nruab nrab lub ntiaj teb
37. Kozepfold
38. Midja jord
39. Etiti uwa
40. Bumi tengah
41. Lar an domhain
42. Terra di mezzo
43. Nakatsukuni
44. Tengah bumi
45. Madhya bhumi
46. Orta jer
47. Phendei kandal
48. Jung-gan jigu
49. Erden navin
50. Ortoaephndin kang
51. Medio terrae
52. Viddus zeme
53. Vidurio zeme
54. Mett aerd
55. Spredna zemja
56. Tany ofovoany
57. Art tan-nofs
58. Waenganui waenganui
59. Madhyama prthvi
60. Dund delkhii
61. Madhya prthvi
62. Mello mjord
63. Lapansi wapakati
64. MN*N*MK*
65. MIANEGMIN
66. Srodziemie
67. Terra-media
68. Madha dharati
69. Pamant de mojloc
70. Sredizemye
71. Vaeluagalemu
72. Talamh meadhanach
73. Srednja zemlja
74. Yepakati yepasi
75. *NZM*N
76. Madhya prthiviya
77. Sredina zemlje
78. Dhulka dhexe
79. Lefatse le bohareng
80. Tierra media
81. Dunia ya kati
82. Zamini mijona
83. Natuttara pumi
84. Madhya bhumi
85. Lok klang
86. Orta dunya
87. Seredzemya
88. *MYNKA*T
89. Orta er
90. Trai dat giua
91. Ddaear ganol
92. Midden ierede
93. Umhlaba ophakathi
94. Mitl erd
95. Aarin aye
96. Maphak athi nomhlaba
*as available on google translate.
Popularity of Use
A % E % I % O % U %
76 79% 59 61% 59 61% 28 29% 28 29%
B % C % D % F % G %
10 10% 1 1% 54 56% 3 3% 16 16%
H % J % K % L % M %
22 22% 14 14% 21 21% 30 31% 57 59%
N % P % Q % R % S %
42 43% 16 16% 0 0% 42 43% 20 20%
T % V % W % X % Y %
46 47% 10 10% 7 7% 1 1% 20 20%
Z %
19 19%
Popularity of linguistic use
79% A:
61% E, I, A:
59% M, E, I, A:
56% D, M, E, I, A:
47% T, D, M, E, I, A:
43% N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Midden ierede, Tierra media,
Terra-media, Met aerd, Midden aarde, Terra media,
31% L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Mitl erd, Mittelerde,
29% O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Orta er, Medio terrae,
Terre du milieu,
22% H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Madha dharati,
Lar an domhain, Middle earth,
21% K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Lok klang, MN*N*MK*,
Dund delkhii, Erdiko lurra,
20% S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Aarin aye, *MYNKA*T,
Orta dunya, Dunia ya kati, Nakatsukuni, Tsakiyarduniya,
Shua dedamitsa, Keskimaa, Keskmaa, Sredya zemya,
Orta yer, Toka e mesme,
19% Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Seredzemya,
*NZM*N, Sredizemye, Srodziemie, Terra di mezzo,
Meza tero (esperanto), Stredozem, zhong tu,
16% P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A: Ddaear ganol,
Trai dat giua, Natuttara pumi, Yepakati yepasi, MIANEGMIN,
Ortoaephndin kang, Phendei kandal, Mesaia gi,
Gitnang lupa, Midgard, Tunga nga yuta, Madhya prthhibi,
Middel garde,
14% J, P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A:
Zamini mijona, Sredina zemlje, Srednja zemlja,
Pamant de mojloc, Mello mjord, Spredna zemja,
Jung-gan jigu, Orta jer, Midja jord, Meduzemlje,
Terra mitjana, Srednja zemlja, Siaredniaja ziamlia,
Mijin yerkir,
10% V, B, J, P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A:
Maphak athi nomhlaba, Umhlaba ophakathi, Madhya bhumi,
Madhya prthiviya, Vaeluagalemu, Madhya prthvi,
Madhyama prthvi, Vidurio zeme, Viddus zeme, Erden navin,
Madhya bhumi, Tengah bumi, Bumi tengah,
Nruab nrab lub ntiaj teb, Madhy prthvee, *R*R*V*,
Madhyama prthvi, Kambharmyay aalaal,
7% W, V, B, J, P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A:
Lapansi wapakati, Waenganui waenganui, Etiti uwa,
Honua waena, Temwayen, Alard alwustaa,
Mekakelenyawi midiri,
3% F, W, V, B, J, P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A:
Lefatse le bohareng, Art tan-nofs, Tany ofovoany, Kozepfold,
1% X, C, F, W, V, B, J, P, G, Z, S, Y, K, H, O, U, L, N, R, T, D, M, E, I, A:
Dhulka dhexe, Talamh meadhanach,
0% Q
Conclusions: Middle earth appears regionally as a concept at 43% regionally in the forms Midden ierede (western frisian), Tierra media (spanish), Terra-media (portugese), Met aerd (luxembourgish), Midden aarde (dutch), Terra media (corsica).
The other is portugese, spanish, corsican. Two regional locations, but there can be only one. We are provided in the Beowulf tale evidence of group migration to a seacoast with access to migrating whales (easy hunting through the english channel).
Does it mean migration north to the netherlands, and south to spain, portugal, and corsica from the Middle earth of France? Or are we looking at a fast migration from their holdfasts in Portugal, spain, corsica region to the netherlands?
Middle earth remains elusive, though narrowed down in origin. Ironic that JRR Tolkien would go fight a war in middle earth, in life and fiction.
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