Linguistic Archaeology: the spread of Salt

Salt in almost every language

1. Salt
2. Sout
3. Kripë
4. ch’ewi
5. milh
6. Agh
7. Duz
8. Gatza
9. Soĺ
10. Labaṇa
11. Sol
12. sal
13. asin
14. Mchere
15. Yán
16. Salitu
17. Sůl
18. Zout
19. Salo (esperanto)
20. soola
21. Suola
22. Le sel
23. Sâlt
24. *ARILI (georgian)
25. Salz
26. Alas
27. Mīṭhuṁ
28. Sèl
29. Gishiri
30. Paakai
31. M*H (hebrew)
32. namak
33. Ntsev
34. Só
35. Nnu
36. Garam
37. Salann
38. Sale
39. Shio
40. uyah
41. Uppu
42. Tuz
43. ambel
44. Umunyu
45. sogeum
46. Xwê
47. keu
48. Sāls
49. Druska
50. Solta
51. sira
52. upp
53. Melħ
54. Tote
55. Mīṭha
56. Davs
57. sarr ngaan
58. Nuna
59. M*L* (pashto)
60. Sól
61. Lūṇa
62. Sare
63. Sol'
64. Masima
65. So
66. Letsoai
67. Munyu
68. luṇu
69. milix
70. Chumvi
71. T*H (tatar)
72. U ppu
73. Kelụ̄x
74. silʹ
75. *M* (urdu)
76. T*Z (uyghur)
77. Muối
78. Halen
79. Ityuwa
80. zalts
81. Iyọ
82. Usawoti

Popularity of Use
A       %      E      %       I       %      O       %        U         %
37  45%     17  20%    21  25%    18  22%      23    28%

B       %      C      %       D       %      F       %        G         %
2     2%      3    3%        3     3%      0    0%        5       6%

H       %      J      %       K       %      L       %        M         %
14  17%     0    0%       6     7%      32  39%      18    22%

N       %      P      %       Q       %      R       %        S         %
14  17%     5    6%       0      0%      8     9%        37  45%

T       %      V      %       W       %      X       %        Y         %
17  20%     3    3%       4       4%      3      3%        6      7%

Z       %
7     8%



Popularity of use
44% S, A:
39% L, S, A: sal, Alas, Sāls,
28% U, L, S, A: Sůl,
25% I, U, L, S, A: silʹ,
22% M, O, I, U, L, S, A: *M* (urdu), Muối, M*L* (pashto), Sól, Sol', Masima, So, Salo (esperanto), soola, Suola, Só, Soĺ, Sol,
20% T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: Sare, Letsoai, Solta, Tote, Le sel, Sâlt, Sale, Sèl, Salt, Sout, Salitu,
17% H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: T*H (tatar), Halen, Melħ, Mīṭha, Shio, M*H (hebrew), Mīṭhuṁ, milh, Salann, luṇu, Nuna, Lūṇa, Nnu, asin,
9% R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: *ARILI (georgian), sira,
8% Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: zalts, Tuz, T*Z (uyghur), Salz, Zout,
7% Y, K, Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: Munyu, Iyọ, Umunyu, keu, uyah, Yán, namak,
6% P, G, Y, K, Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: sarr ngaan, U ppu, sogeum, upp, Garam, Uppu, Gatza, Gishiri, Paakai, Agh, Kripë,
4% W, P, G, Y, K, Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: Ityuwa, Usawoti,
3% X, V, D, C, W, P, G, Y, K, Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: Milix, Kelụ̄x, Xwê, Chumvi, Ntsev, Davs, Duz, Druska, ch’ewi, Mchere,
2% B, X, V, D, C, W, P, G, Y, K, Z, R, H, N, T, E, M, O, I, U, L, S, A: Labaṇa, ambel,
0% Q, J, F


Conclusion: Appearing in an undefined A/S subgroup, Salt is first identified at 39% as sal (Catalan), Alas (Greek), and Sāls (Latvian). Salt use peaks at 17% before going into a decline in spread until 6% where it sees increased identification, before declining through 4% to a boost in popularity at 3% before again declining around 2%.

Linguistic Archaeology: Origin of the Dwarves

 Dwarf in almost every language

1. Dwarf
2. Dwerg
3. Xhuxhi
4. Diniki
5. Qizm
6. T’zuk
7. Cırtdan
8. Bāmana
9. Ipotx
10. Karlikavaja
11. Patuljak
12. Dzhudzhe
13. Luupu
14. Nan
15. Ǎirén
16. Nanu
17. Trpaslík
18. Dværg
19. Nano (esperanto)
20. Kääbus
21. Kääpiö
22. Naine
23. Nain
24. Anano
25. Juja
26. Zwergin
27. Zwerg
28. Nános
29. Vāmana
30. Tinen
31. NNS (hebrew)
32. Bauna aadamee
33. Törpe
34. Dvergur
35. Kerdil
36. Damh
37. Dowāfu
38. Kurcaci
39. Kubja
40. Gnom
41. Mnoussa tue
42. Umwijima
43. Nanjaeng-i
44. Erlik
45. Khon dav
46. Pumilio (latin)
47. Rūķis
48. Nykštukas
49. Džudže
50. Sahozanina
51. Kuḷḷan
52. Papaka
53. Baṭū
54. Odoi
55. Baunā
56. Dverg
57. Nsalu
58. D*R (pashto)
59. A* (persian)
60. Krasnolud
61. Anão
62. Pitic
63. Troich
64. Trpaslík
65. Škrat
66. Monyetla
67. Enana
68. Enano
69. Kurcaci
70. Kibete
71. Dvärg
72. Karlik
73. Kuḷḷaṉ
74. K*PHA* (tatar)
75. Marugujju
76. Khæra
77. Cüce
78. Derwüş
79. Karlykovyy
80. B* (urdu)
81. Mitti
82. Quỷ lùn
83. Corrach
84. Dwerch
85. Incinci
86. Arara
87. Incanyana

Popularity of Use
A       %      E      %       I       %      O       %        U         %
52  60%     24  27%    27  31%   19  21%       30     34%

B       %      C      %       D       %      F       %        G         %
8      9%     10  11%     20  23%     2    2%        10    11%

H       %      J      %       K       %      L       %        M         %
10  11%     7    8%       26  30%    16  18%       12     13%

N       %      P      %       Q       %      R       %        S         %
32  37%    11  12%      2     2%      31  36%      13    15%

T       %      V      %       W       %      X       %        Y         %
17  19%     8    9%       8       9%      2     2%         5      5%

Z       %
7     8%




Popularity of use
60% A: A* (persian)
37% N, A: Nan,
36% R, N, A: Arara,
34% U, R, N, A: Nanu,
31% I, U, R, N, A: Nain,
30% K, I, U, R, N, A:
27% E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Naine, Enana, Ǎirén,
23% D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Diniki, D*R (pashto),
21% O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Anão, Enano, Nano (esperanto), Anano, Odoi,
19% T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Tinen, Törpe,
18% L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Karlik, Kuḷḷaṉ, Kerdil, Erlik, Kuḷḷan,
15% S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Krasnolud, Škrat, Rūķis, Nsalu, Nános, NNS (hebrew), Kääbus,
13% M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Mnoussa tue, Mitti,
12% P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Papaka, Trpaslík, Pumilio (latin), Trpaslík, Kääpiö, Luupu,
11% H, G, C, P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Kurcaci, Corrach, Incinci, K*PHA* (tatar), Khæra, Cüce, Pitic, Troich, Damh, Kurcaci, Gnom, Cırtdan,
9% W, B, V, H, G, C, P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Dvergur, Vāmana, Dvärg, Khon dav, Dverg, Dværg, Derwüş, Dwerch, Dwerg, Kibete, B* (urdu), Baṭū, Baunā, Bauna aadamee, Bāmana,
8% Z, J, W, B, V, H, G, C, P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: T’zuk, Zwergin, Zwerg, Džudže, Dzhudzhe, Sahozanina, Marugujju, Umwijima, Nanjaeng-i, Juja, Kubja, Patuljak, Karlikavaja,
5% Y, Z, J, W, B, V, H, G, C, P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Karlykovyy, Incanyana, Monyetla, Nykštukas,
2% X, Q, F, Y, Z, J, W, B, V, H, G, C, P, M, S, L, T, O, D, E, K, I, U, R, N, A: Dowāfu, Quỷ lùn, Qizm, Ipotx, Dwarf, Xhuxhi,


Conclusion: originating in the A-N-R subgroup,

A-N-R subgroup    sex          %                Dev. Chain
Irish                         M           70%             (A; N; R; E; I; O)
Treasure                                70%             (A; N; R, S; T)
Dwarf                                     60%             (A; N; R; U)

 

Dwarf encounters begins at less than 60% with the partial A* (persian). The earliest complete Dwarf is Nan (catalan) at 37% followed by Arara (yoruba), Nanu (corsican), and Nain (French/masculine).
There is a bandgap at 30% likely indicating a lack of survival of Dwarves before a resurgance at 27%.
Dwarvism peaks at 9% (suggesting peak nutritional decline, rise in movement of dwarves, or spread of dwarf genes) dropping back through 8% down through 5% before it begins to again climb at 2%.

Dwarf dialect as a variant of Irish?

Dialect                                            Dev. Chain
IrishM          A - N - R - E - I - O - L - D - H - S
Dwarf           A - N - R - U - I - K - E - D - O - T

IrishM                      Dwarf
Ian                     =         Ian
Einrí                  =        Uinri
Erin                   =        Urin
Anrai                 =        Anrai
Ronan               =        Rknan
Eion                  =        Uikn
Eoin                  =        Ekin
Árón                 =       Arkn
Aaron               =      Aarkn
Neal                  =      Nuae
Neil                  =       Nuie
Niall                  =       Niaee
Lee                     =       Euu
Léon                 =       Eukn
Ailín                 =       Aiein
Alan                   =       Aean
Allen                  =     Aeeun
Arlen                  =      Areun
Randal               =     Randae
Riordan              =     Rikrdan
Dale                    =     Daeu
Daniel                =     Daniue
Dara                   =     Dara
Darren              =      Darrun
Dean                 =      Duan
Dillon                =      Dieekn
Don                    =      Dkn
Donal                =      Dknae
Donald              =      Dknaed
Donnell             =     Dknnuee
Eadoin               =      Uadkin
Edan                  =     Udan
Enda                  =      Unda
Adair                 =       Adair
Adie                   =      Adiu
Adrian               =      Adrian
Aidan                =      Aidan
Aidrian             =     Aidrian
Ardal                 =     Ardae
Rhodan             =      Rokdan
Hannraoi         =     Oannraki
Ionhar              =      Iknoar
Aodh                 =       Akdo
Aodhan            =       Akdoan
Ross                  =       Rktt
Sean                 =       Tuan
Seanán            =       Tuanan
Séarlas            =      Tuareat
Senan              =       Tunan
Shane              =       Toanu
Shannon         =      Toannkn
Shea                =       Toua
Sion                 =        Tikn
Sloan               =        Tekan
Sloane             =       Tekanu
Oisin                =        Kitin
Innes               =        Innut
Innis                =        Innit
Dallas             =        Daeeat
Ennis              =        Unnit
Alsandair       =       Aetandair
Alsander        =       Aetandur
Aindréas        =       Aindruat

Linguistic Archaeology: The Rise of the Champion

Champion in almost every language

1. Champion
2. Kampioen
3. Kampion
4. shamipīyoni
5. batal
6. CH’empion
7. çempion
8. mübariz
9. Txapelduna
10. Čempijon
11. Rakṣaka
12. Šampion
13. prvak
14. pobjednik
15. borac
16. Shampion
17. Campió
18. campiona
19. Kampeon
20. kampyon
21. kaswiri
22. Guànjūn
23. Campionu
24. Mistr
25. vítěz
26. voorvechter
27. Ĉampiono (esperanto)
28. tšempion
29. võitleja
30. mananalo
31. Mestari
32. Championne
33. Campión
34. chemp’ioni
35. Protathlitís
36. Cēmpiyana
37. Chanpyon
38. Zakaran
39. Poʻokela
40. A*F (hebrew)
41. chaimpiyan
42. tus yeej
43. Bajnok
44. Meistari
45. Onye mmeri
46. Juara
47. mbah
48. Seaimpín
49. curadh
50. Laoch
51. Campione
52. Chanpion
53. Cāmpiyan
54. Çempïon
55. cheungek
56. Nyampinga
57. chaempieon
58. Hoste
59. oste
60. aesm
61. vindex (latin)
62. cīnītājs
63. kovotojas
64. Tompon-daka
65. cāmpyan
66. Toa
67. Cĕmpiyana
68. Avarga
69. hkyaanpeyan
70. Cyāmpiyana
71. *TL (pashto)
72. Mistrz
73. bojownik
74. Campeã
75. Campeão
76. Jētū
77. Luptător
78. chempion
79. siamupini
80. Mmampodi
81. *MP*EN (sindhi)
82. śūrayā
83. Majster
84. bojovník
85. prvakinja
86. Horyaal
87. Campeona
88. Campeón
89. Bingwa
90. Mästare
91. cempion
92. Cāmpiyaṉ
93. *EMN*N (tatar)
94. Chāmpiyan
95. Chæmp̒
96. Şampiyon
97. Chempion
98. *M* (urdu)
99. *MPYY*N (uyghur)
100. g'olib
101. Quán quân
102. Pencampwr
103. Intshatsheli
104. mayster
105. Asiwaju
106. Umpetha


Popularity of Use
A       %      E      %       I       %      O       %        U         %
76  71%     45  42%    55  51%   51    48%       14   13%

B       %      C      %       D       %      F       %        G         %
10   9%      38  35%     6     5%      1  <1%         6      5%

H       %      J      %       K       %      L       %        M         %
25  23%     15  14%    16  15%     11  10%      61  57%

N       %      P      %       Q       %      R       %        S         %
59  55%     57  53%     1  <1%       23  21%      21  19%

T       %      V      %       W       %      X       %        Y         %
25  23%     8    7%       5      4%      2     1%        20  18%

Z       %
4     3%



Popularity of use
71% A:
57% M, A: *M* (urdu),
55% N, M, A:
53% P, N, M, A:
51% I, P, N, M, A:
48% O, I, P, N, M, A: Mmampodi,
42% E, O, I, P, N, M, A: *MP*EN (sindhi), *EMN*N (tatar),
35% C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Campión, Campione, Çempïon, Campeã, Campeão, çempion, Campió, campiona, Ĉampiono (esperanto), Campeona, Campeón, cempion,
23% T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Chæmp̒, Chempion, chempion, chaempieon, Toa, Championne, chemp’ioni, Chanpion, Champion, CH’empion,
21% R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A:
19% S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: oste, aesm, Mästare, Hoste, Meistari, Seaimpín, Šampion, Shampion, tšempion, Mistr, Mestari,
18% Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Cāmpiyan, Chāmpiyan, Şampiyon, Cāmpiyaṉ, cāmpyan, Cĕmpiyana, Cyāmpiyana, chaimpiyan, Onye mmeri, Cēmpiyana, Chanpyon, shamipīyoni, *MPYY*N (uyghur), mayster,
15% K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Kampeon, kampyon, hkyaanpeyan, Kampioen, Kampion, Rakṣaka,
14% J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: cīnītājs, Majster, Čempijon,
13% U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: śūrayā, Umpetha, Jētū, siamupini, tus yeej, Juara, Campionu,
10% L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Horyaal, Intshatsheli, Luptător, Laoch, Protathlitís, Poʻokela, *TL (pashto), mananalo,
9% B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Bajnok, mbah, batal, borac,
7% V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: bojovník, prvakinja, võitleja, kovotojas, voorvechter, prvak,
5% G, D, V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Avarga, g'olib, cheungek, Nyampinga, Tompon-daka, Guànjūn, curadh, pobjednik,
4% W, G, D, V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Pencampwr, Asiwaju, bojownik, Bingwa, kaswiri,
3% Z, W, G, D, V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Zakaran, Mistrz, mübariz, vítěz,
1% X, Z, W, G, D, V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: Txapelduna, vindex (latin),
<1% Q, F, X, Z, W, G, D, V, B, L, U, J, K, Y, S, R, T, H, C, E, O, I, P, N, M, A: A*F (hebrew), Quán quân,

Conclusion: Originating in the A-M linguistic subgroup,

A-M subgroup     sex      %                  dev. Chain                     bandgap
Mask                              80%               (A; M; K; S; U)
Scot. high fam.             71%               (A; M, C; E; N; I, R)              ●
Champion                      71%               (A; M; N; P; I; O)
Papuan                 F         68%              (A; M; E, I; R, N)
Ngoni                   M        66%               (A; M; L; E, I, O, K, N)
Honey                             52%               (A; M; I; N; E)

At 57% we see the incomplete urdu word for champion *M*. A bandgap from 55%-51%. Mmampodi (Sesotho) at 48%, followed by *MP*EN (sindhi) and *EMN*N (tatar) at 42%. 35%-33% is pretty much eurocentric in development though Toa at 33% is Maori.
There is a developmental bandgap at 21% followed by a return at 19%. Peak in champions is at 18% declining down to less than 1%.

So... not quite done with linguistic archaeology after all.

Linguistic Archaeology: Global Linguistic Map (Jan 2022 update)

 

Thats pretty much it for Linguistic Archaeology...

Global Linguistic Map Jan 2022 update

Mystaran Campaign: Keogh's Mine

There is a mine in the side of a hill near the village of Verge known as Keogh's Mine or the Mine. Keogh is a Dwarf who has been cutting a hole in the side of the hill for several decades on behalf of the Lord of Verge. The local lord sends a daily shipment of food out to the Mine and has them retrieve gems in payment. The PCs are instructed to wait at the mine entrance to hand over the food and retrieve the day shipment of gems before returning to Verge.

1- the entrance to the mine is dominated by a quarry cut face on the side of a hill with a tunnel entrance cut into it. The tunnel entrance id twenty feet above the surrounding landscape, but is accesses by a dirt and gravel rampart (1b) which overlooks a spoil tip (1a). A timber track ow wooden rails and sleepers (1c) extends from just above the spoils tip into the mine tunnel.

The spoils tip (1a) consists of a mix of rocks. The rock of the hill is a hardened clay with gravel through it. The PCs might each scrounge the spoils tip for 1d4 turns and on a successful wisdom check find a piece of Quartz(10gp) that went unnoticed by Keogh.

After two hours Keogh emerges pushing a timber flatbed stacked with large rocks. He then proceeds to crack the rocks with a hammer sorting gems from his collection of rocks.
20 Quartz (200gp) are found over the next two hours at which Keogh trades them for the day's food. He isnt particularly talkative until after he is done eating and drinking. At which he will answer questions about the Mine.

Keogh excavates a foot of tunnel per day. The tunnel is ten feet wide and high and given Keogh is a Dwarf, PCs might ask how he does it. His answer is 'top first' though this is deceptive as he has a magic ring of Hill Giant form which allows him to excavate the daily load of rock. The tunnel extends into the hill 800 feet and ends at a rockface.

The PCs are paid 1 gold piece each on their return with the sack of gems.

Mystaran Campaign: Gareth

 

Gareth: 6th level Fighter; lawful; 31hp; Str 13, Int 15, Wis 10, Dex 9, Con 12, Cha 7; Leather Armour, Sword, Boots, belt;

Gareth is the personal bodyguard and boot of King Stephan Karameikos. If you are within ten feet of the King, it is because Gareth is connecting his boot to your face at the King's Command.

He hugged a man once- His Father who died in his embrace. Gareth is a hard and uncomprimising man.

Linguistic Archaeology: The Sumerians (Part 10)

 The Sumerians and the Origins of Shogi
It related to the name of all the japanese shogi game pieces at (near) the same percentile of use. The O as a language use majority is not common in Japanese. But it is common in all the words used in the shogi game at a fully literate origin equal to Sumerian. So while both would be closely related as long as Sumerian U was in fact O, and related closely to Shogi. The shogi game pieces likewise developed over time, the earliest being chariots and hero pieces implying a different form of game- one involving the deployment of warriors to battlefields in a logistics game. Only later does it include the chessboard and more common chess pieces. There is one gameboard I can think of that fits that early chariot and hero logistics game- The Royal game of Ur.

Basically these sequences of development can be considered dialect variations.
Sumerian dev dia.: U; A           ; (I, S); M
Shogi dev. Dialect:  O; (A, I, K); Y      ; (S, N, H)
Sumerian:  M  A       R  G       I  D  D  A (Chariot, celestial chariot)
Dev. Chain: 4   2        -   -        3  -   -    2
Possible Shogi dialect variations:
                     S   A          -         Y     -     A
                     N  A (RIK=RG) Y     -     A is most likely.
                     H  A          -         Y     -     A
                     S   I           -         Y     -     A
                     N  I           -         Y     -     A
                     H  I          -          Y    -      A
                     S  K         -           Y    -      A
                     N K         -           Y    -      A
                     H K         -           Y    -      A

MARGIDDA (Celestial Chariot) is most likely the shogi piece NARIKYO (Promoted Incense Chariot). MA=NA, RG=RIK.