Hittite dictionary
1. agniš – fire2. aia - to do, to make
3. ai – to do, to make
4. aiš – a mouth
5. ak – to die
6. alkistan – a branch
7. alpa – white
8. anda – in, inside
9. annijazi – he does, makes
10. aráí – to pray
11. arawa – free
12. arija – to ask
13. arkamijala – a musician
14. arma – moon
15. arnumi – I bring
16. arsina - bread
17. (Nesian) harsi – bread
18. arš- – the same
19. aruni – a meal
20. aruwa- – to respect
21. as - to sit
22. (Nesian) es- – to sit
23. asa - a chair
24. asana – a chair
25. asa - to be
26. sa - to be
27. (Nesian) es- - to be
28. (Palaic) aš- – to be
29. así – to love
30. aššu – good, kind
31. asu - horse
32. aswa – horse
33. at - to eat
34. (Nesian) et- - to eat
35. ud- - to eat
36. (Palaic) ata- – to eat
37. atiman – a name
38. da – to give
39. dalugaeš – long
40. dankui – dark
41. daššuš – strong
42. ekw - to drink
43. akw - to drink
44. (Palaic) aku- – to drink
45. epp – to take, to seize
46. erha – a boundary
47. ešha – an owner
48. ešhar – blood
49. etri (Nesian) – a meal
50. gank – to hang
51. genzuwala – friendly
52. gienu - a knee
53. kinuwaaš (dat.-loc.sg.) - a knee
54. (Palaic) ginu – a knee
55. gima- – a winter
56. gurta – an enclosed place
57. halki – grain, bread
58. halugan – a message
59. hantezzija – first, front, fore
60. hap- - wealth, to make a bargain
61. (Palaic) hapari – wealth, to make a bargain
62. hapa - a river
63. (Palaic) hapna – a river
64. happár – a price
65. happaraizzi – sells
66. hara – to destroy, to pound
67. haraš – an eagle
68. harawa – a road
69. hark – to have
70. harkiš – white
71. harmahi – a head
72. harš – to loosen
73. hartagga – a bear, a wild animal
74. harti – to call
75. haruna – a barn
76. has – to derivate, to generate
77. hasmi – a kin, kinship
78. hašša - a grandson
79. hams – a grandson
80. hastijas - bones
81. haštái – bones
82. hatuas - a letter
83. hatuars – a letter
84. hatura – to write
85. hilan – a yard
86. hišša – a beam
87. huha – a grandfather
88. huiš – to live
89. hulana – wool
90. humati – a base, a foundation
91. hurnái – to splash
92. hurta – to damn
93. igái – to grow numb
94. ilalija – to wish
95. irhai – to limit
96. irmalant – sick, ill
97. išha – an owner, a master
98. išhamai – a song
99. iškallái- – to break, to divide
100. išnija – to link, to tear
101. istanza – a soul
102. istark – an illness
103. iúkán – a yoke
104. kardi- a heart
105. kir -a heart
106. (Palaic) kart- – a heart
107. keššar – a hand
108. keta – he lay
109. kikla – grass
110. kikkula – a vessel
111. kinu – to break open, to burst
112. kinun – now
113. kiš – to become (medium voice)
114. kiša – to scratch
115. kišt - famine
116. kastas – famine
117. kišt- (Palaic) – to extinguish
118. kula – an army
119. kurant – a cripple
120. kusatara – to build, a wall
121. kwen – to kill
122. lala – a language
123. lamen – to name, to call
124. lami – to strengthen, to fortify
125. lapani – to graze
126. lila- – expiation
127. lilái – to release
128. lukkái – to light, to shine
129. luttais – window
130. mald – to ask
131. malla- – to grind
132. maninkuwant – shortened (participle)
133. mehur – time, a month
134. meikki - much, many
135. mekiš – large
136. melit - honey
137. (Palaic) malit – honey
138. mema – to speak
139. mina - a city
140. mini – a city
141. miti – a servant
142. mugái- – to complain, to oppose
143. muri – a berry
144. murijan – a bunch of grapes
145. nahhan – respect
146. namešha – spring
147. namuwaí – a son
148. naršam – a head
149. nasusara – a queen
150. natta – no
151. nega – a sister
152. neku – to get dark
153. nekumanza – naked
154. nepiš – sky
155. newa- – new
156. ninikzi – he lifts, raises
157. pahši - to protect, to graze
158. pahhaš – to protect, to graze
159. pahwár – fire
160. pai - to give
161. pija – to give
162. pai – to go
163. palhi – wide
164. paltanaš – a shoulder
165. pangarija- to spread
166. pankur – a conference, a meeting
167. papparš- – to splash
168. papratar – desecration
169. parái – to blow
170. parjanaza (Hieroglyphic) – to know
171. parku – high
172. parkui – pure, clean
173. parkunu – to clear
174. parn - a house
175. pir – a house
176. paš – to swallow
177. pata – a foot
178. pattar – a wing
179. pedan - a place
180. pieti - a place
181. pídi – a place
182. pera – a bird
183. peruna- – a rock
184. piddái – to run
185. piddái – to pay
186. sái – to press
187. šakhar – dirt
188. šakuwa – eyes
189. šaligai- – to spit
190. šalli – large
191. salp – sewage
192. šamana – a base, foundation
193. sanawaí – kind
194. sarlata – a libation
195. šarnink – to reimburse
196. šarpa – a sickle
197. sasa – printing
198. šašta – a bed
199. šehur – urine
200. šipantahhi – I sacrifice
201. šittar – a star
202. šiu - a god
203. šiun – a god
204. šiwat – a day, daylight
205. šumanza – a cord
206. šupparija – to sleep
207. uppi – pure, sacred
208. surna – a horn
209. šuwái – to fill
210. suwana – dog
211. ta- – to take
212. ta- – to come
213. tahukappi – a vessel
214. taištai – to load
215. tájezzi – he steals
216. takš – to make
217. takšan – a half
218. tamaš – to torment
219. tanata – a wall
220. tapariála – to rule
221. tar- – to speak
222. tarh- – to win
223. tarkasni – a donkey
224. taru – a tree
225. tati – a father
226. tawana – exact, correct
227. te- – to put
228. tekan - ground
229. (Hieroglyphic) takama – ground
230. tepu – small, low
231. tešha – a dream, a revelation
232. tethima – thunder
233. tija – to come, to approach, to become
234. tijaz - a god
235. tiuna (Palaic) – a god
236. tupi – to beat
237. turp – bread
238. tuwarsa – a rod, a vine
239. tuzzi- – an army
240. uija – to send
241. uitti – a year (dat.-loc. sg.)
242. uraí – large
243. usamuwami - esteemed
244. usanuwa – esteemed (participle)
245. usiti – to purchase, to buy
246. uwate – to bring, to lead
247. walá – to lift
248. wali – great
249. wappija – to bark
250. warsa – dew
251. wasa – to esteem
252. wasu – the good
253. waša- – to put on
254. waštai – a sin
255. watar (gen.sg.) - water
256. wetenaš – water
257. wawa – a bull
258. werija - to speak, to call
259. (Palaic) wer- – to speak, to call
260. wete- (Palaic) – to build
261. wiána – wine
262. zamankur – a beard
263. zena – summer, autumn
Popularity of Use
A % E % I % O % U %
219 83% 44 16% 126 47% 0 0% 73 27%
B % C % D % F % G %
0 0% 0 0% 11 4% 0 0% 15 5%
H % J % K % L % M %
57 21% 17 6% 53 20% 34 12% 39 14%
N % P % Q % R % S %
74 28% 50 19% 0 0% 82 31% 100 38%
T % V % W % X % Y %
78 29% 0 0% 38 14% 0 0% 0 0%
Z %
13 4%
Popularity of Use
83% A:
47% I, A: aia, ai,
38% S, I, A: aiš, as, asa, asa, sa, aš, así, sái, sasa,
31% R, S, I, A: aráí, arš, šarpa,
29% T, R, S, I, A: at, ata, šašta, šittar, ta, taištai, tar, tati,
28% N, T, R, S, I, A: arsina, asana, natta, tanata,
27% U, N, T, R, S, I, A: aruni, aššu, asu, nasusara, šiu (a god), šiun (a god), uppi, surna, taru, tiuna (a god), uitti, uraí, usiti,
21% H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: šehur, harsi, hara, haraš, harš, harti, haruna, has, hašša, haštái, hatuas, hatuars, hatura, hišša, huha, huiš, hurnái, hurta, irhai, išha, nahhan, tarh,
20% K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: ak, aku, hark, harkiš, istark, iúkán, kir, kart, kinu, kinun, kiš, kiša, kišt, kastas, kišt, kurant, kusatara, šakhar, šarnink, takš, takšan, tarkasni,
19% P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: hap, hapari, hapa, hapna, happár, pahši, pahhaš, pai, pankur, papparš, papratar, parái, parku, parkui, parkunu, parn, pir, paš, pata, pattar, šipantahhi, tahukappi, tupi, turp,
16% E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: es, et, epp, erha, ešha, ešhar, etri keššar, keta, neku, nepiš, pieti, pera, peruna, te, tekan, tepu, tešha,
14% W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: arma, arnumi, atiman, harmahi, hasmi, hams, humati, išhamai, mehur, meikki, mekiš, mema, mina, mini, miti, muri, namešha, naršam, šamana, tamaš, (Hieroglyphic) takama, tethima, arawa, aruwa, aswa, ekw, akw, kinuwaaš, harawa, kwen, maninkuwant, namuwaí, newa, pahwár, šakuwa, sanawaí, šiwat, šuwái, suwana, tawana, tuwarsa, usamuwami, usanuwa, uwate, warsa, wasa, wasu, waša, waštai, watar, wetenaš, wawa, wer, wete, wiána,
12% L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: alkistan, alpa, halki, hilan, hulana, irmalant, iškallái, kikla, kikkula, kula, lala, lamen, lami, lapani, lila, lilái, lukkái, luttais, malla, melit, malit, palhi, paltanaš, šaligai, šalli, salp, tapariála, walá, wali, sarlata,
6% J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: arija, arkamijala, hastijas, ilalija, išnija, murijan, pija, šupparija, tija, uija, wappija, werija,
5% G, J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: agniš, gank, gienu, ginu, gima, gurta, halugan, hartagga, igái, mugái, nega, pangarija,
4% Z, D, G, J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: zamankur, zena, tijaz (a god), tuzzi, nekumanza, ninikzi, parjanaza (Hieroglyphic), šumanza, tájezzi, happaraizzi, istanza, hantezzija, genzuwala, annijazi, anda, ud, da, dalugaeš, dankui, daššuš, kardi, mald, pedan, pídi, piddái, piddái,
0% V, X, Y, Q, F, C, B, O
Hittite language development
83% A:
47% I, A: to do, to make; to do, to make
38% S, I, A: a mouth; to sit; a chair; to be; to love; to press; printing;
31% R, S, I, A: to pray; the same; a sickle;
29% T, R, S, I, A: to eat; a bed; a star; to take; to come; to load; to speak; a father;
28% N, T, R, S, I, A: bread; a chair; no; a wall;
27% U, N, T, R, S, I, A: a meal; good, kind; horse; a queen; urine; a god; pure, sacred; a horn; a tree; a year; large; to purchase, to buy;
21% H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: bread; to destroy, to pound; an eagle; to loosen; to call; a barn; to derivate, to generate; a grandson; bones; a letter; to write; a beam; a grandfather; to live; to splash; to damn; to limit; an owner, a master; respect; to win;
20% K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: to die; to drink; to have; white; an illness; a yoke; a heart; to break open, to burst; now; to become (medium voice); to scratch; famine; to extinguish; a cripple; to build, a wall; dirt; to reimburse; to make; a half; a donkey;
19% P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: wealth, to make a bargain; a river; a price; to protect, to graze; to protect, to graze; to give; to go; a conference, a meeting; to splash; desecration; to blow; high; pure, clean; to clear; a house; a house; to swallow; a foot; a wing; I sacrifice; a vessel; to beat; bread;
16% E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: to sit; to be; to eat; to take, to seize; a boundary; an owner; blood; a meal; a hand; he lay; to get dark; sky; a place; a bird; a rock; to put; ground; small, low; a dream, a revelation;
14% W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: moon; I bring; a name; a head; a kin, kinship; a grandson; a base, a foundation; a song; time, a month; much, many; large; to speak; a city; a servant; a berry; spring; a head; a base, foundation; to torment; ground; thunder; free; to respect; horse; to drink; a knee; a road; to kill; shortened (participle); a son; new; fire; eyes; kind; a day, daylight; to fill; dog; exact, correct; a rod, a vine; esteemed; esteemed (participle); to bring, to lead; dew; to esteem; the good; to put on; a sin; water; a bull; to speak, to call; to build; wine;
12% L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: a branch; white; grain, bread; a yard; wool; sick, ill; to break, to divide; grass; a vessel; an army; a language; to name, to call; to strengthen, to fortify; to graze; expiation; to release; to light, to shine; window; to grind; honey; wide; a shoulder; to spit; large; sewage; to rule; to lift; great; a libation;
6% J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: to ask; a musician; bones; to wish; to link, to tear; a bunch of grapes; to give; to sleep; to come, approach, to become; to send; to bark; to speak, to call;
5% G, J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: fire; to hang; a knee; a winter; an enclosed place; a message; a bear, a wild animal; to grow numb; to complain, to oppose; a sister; to spread;
4% Z, D, G, J, L, W, M, E, P, K, H, U, N, T, R, S, I, A: a beard; summer, autumn; a god; an army; naked; to know; a cord; he steals; sells; a soul; first, front, fore; friendly; he does, makes; in, inside; to eat; to give; long; dark; strong; a heart; to ask; a place; a place; to run; to pay;
Conclusion: beginning their civilization at 47% fully literate, which includes words for making. 38% we have furniture (chairs) and printing. The sickle is introduced at 31%.
At 28% Chairs are reinvented along with walls. This might mean permanant dwellings rather than semi-permanant tents. Bread is available. This moment in time marks a cultural dip separating the early proto-hittite civilization from the main cultural rise that begins beyond this point.
At 27% we have a Queen, and God(s) (Usually these show up in the later cultural decline period where fictionalism and religion are common). So this early in, it may be an introduced belief. We also see the introduction of the horse.
At 21% bread is reinvented, and now our permanant dwellings include a barn. Written communication, ownership.
20% we have famine, illness, crippled (people with permanant injury). Walls are reinvented. The donkey is available.
19% the house is invented and bread for a second time. Grazing along rivers? A conference or meeting becomes common (Non-monarchy Government?).
At 14% hittite Culture Peaks. Populations have increased to form cities. Here people have servants. Horses are reintroduced along with Bulls, and Dogs. Wine is available. Thunder is heard.
12% buildings now have windows (marking a move from windowless, ceiling accessed dwellings) and light-sources are in use for illumination, Honey and wool is available, and bread is reintroduced. Sewage is common and there is illness. An Army shows up for the first time. I guess they saw the bright lights of the city.
At 6% we have musicians and grapes (a non-wine surplus?).
At 5% cultural growth has declined, we have a winter. Bears are encountered. This might represent migration into forested/mountain areas- at least by those selling bears in cities/or exploiting them for income.
At 4 % A new god is introduced, beards are popular. Hittite culture enjoys a new resurgance. An Army shows up for the second (and apparently final) time.
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